HIV AIDS

 

HIV  AIDS

Maternal HIV rates vary between 1% and 40% worldwide. The African and Asian countries have the highest rates. HIV can be transmitted to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding; the most common transmission occurs during pregnancy. There is a 25% chance that an infected mother will transmit the virus to the child if she does not receive adequate antiretroviral treatment. However, if it is treated during pregnancy, there is a 98 percent chance the child will not get infected.

 

According to UNICEF reports, the number of children who have died of HIV / AIDS has risen sharply in the last ten years,  especially in countries where poverty is high, and the level of education is low.  Although various preventive measures would be possible, the high costs and the lack of infrastructure are two central problems that international organizations have to contend with in combating mother-to-child transmission of HIV in developing countries. Pregnancy with HIV infection is also an even greater risk for the mother in developing countries. B. to contract tuberculosis or malaria.

                  The human immunodeficiency virus ( scientifically human immunodeficiency virus ), mostly abbreviated as HIV (also HI virus ) or referred to as human immunodeficiency virus or human immunodeficiency virus, is an enveloped virus that belongs to the retrovirus family and the genus Heard of lentiviruses. An untreated HIV infection usually leads to AIDS ( acquired immunodeficiency syndrome ) after a latency period of varying lengths, typically several years without symptoms 'Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome' ).

 informationntechnology

The spread of HIV has developed into a pandemic since the early 1980s, which the United Nations Joint Program on HIV / AIDS (UNAIDS) estimates has claimed around 39 million lives to date.

 

At the end of 2014, an estimated 36.9 million people worldwide were infected with HIV, with an even distribution across both sexes. At the end of 2018, around 87,900 people lived with HIV infection in Germany, 80% of the men.  In Austria in 2011, there were about 18,000 infected people, including 5,200 women. In 2013 there were around 20,000 HIV-infected people in Switzerland, 6,100 women.

Structure and structure of the HI virus

HIV belongs to the complex retroviruses, which means that the viruses have, in addition to the canonical retroviral genes gag, pol and env, further regulatory and accessory reading frames, namely for HIV-1 tat, rev, vif, vpu, vpr and nef.

 gethealthandbeauty

The virus particle (virion) has a diameter of about 100 to 120 nanometers and is larger than average for a virus but significantly smaller than z. B. Erythrocytes (diameter 7500 nanometers). HIV is surrounded by a lipid bilayer separated from the human host cell when it was budding. Accordingly, the host cell's membrane proteins are located in the virus envelope. Also embedded in this shell are about 10 to 15 so-called spikes per virion, about ten nanometers in size env glycoprotein complexes; the density of the spikes is therefore relatively low, as there would be space for 73 ± 25 of these processes on the surface of an HIV particle. An HIV spike consists of two subunits: the three molecules of the external surface (English surface ) glycoprotein gp120 are non-covalently to three transmembrane envelopes (English envelope ) glycoprotein gp41 bound.  Gp120 is of crucial importance for the binding of the virus to the CD4 receptors of the target cells. Since the HIV envelope arises from the membrane of the host cell, it also contains various proteinsthe host cell , for example, HLA class I and II molecules as well as adhesion proteins.

technologybeam