Malnutrition

 

Malnutrition

Malnutrition, also known as quantitative malnutrition, is a form of malnutrition that leads to a negative energy balance and lower body weight. There is weight reduction when the body is supplied with less energy or substances in the form of food during metabolism than is consumed by basal metabolic rate and physical activity or when the nutrients are excreted faster than they can be replaced.

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Malnutrition, especially in childhood, can lead to lagging in physical and mental development ( underweight, short stature, cognitive retardation ), serious illnesses, and, in extreme cases, death. As a result, those affected usually suffer from protein, fat, vitamin, and mineral deficiency; this state of lagging development is also known as stunting.

Causes of hunger and related malnutrition

The globalization critic Jean Ziegler (2000-2008 UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food ) names the causes of malnutrition

 

·        Principle poverty

·        Basic food prices that are unaffordable for the poor

·        through speculation with food (see also food price crisis 2007-2008 )

·        General lack of food

·        Shortage due to unequal distribution of arable land

·        Self-cultivation is unprofitable because food imports are made of food whose market prices have been reduced by export subsidies from the producer countries

·        Cultivation of biofuel raw materials ( sugar cane, oil palms ) instead of food

·        Use of foods like wheat and corn as raw materials for biofuel production

·        Feeding of food to pets and reservation of food-growing space for animal feed production.

Overpopulation or population growth is only a problem in the family context; according to Ziegler, the annual crop yields could feed everyone with plant-based foods.

Climate change as a cause

According to the WHO, the number of malnourished women and children in developing countries threatens to increase by 20 percent by 2020, among other things, as a result of frequently inadequate food availability. Rising food prices and climate change, which are closely related, are seen as the cause. The icy winter in Europe caused an enormous increase in wheat prices; drought and intense heat caused sugar, corn, and soy to rise, for example, in South America. Increases in food prices hurt the lower population more. While families in industrialized countries spend ten percent of their income on food, it is 50 to 80 percent in developing countries. As a result, the poor eat less, less often, with more inferior quality and less food variety..

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It is assumed that by 2050 - if climate change is not halted - the number of hungry people worldwide will rise by an additional 10–20 percent. By 2050 a different 24 million children will suffer from malnutrition. Almost half, around 10 million children, will live in sub-Saharan Africa. Between 1980 and 2006, the annual number of climate-related weather disasters quadrupled. By 2015, the number of people directly affected by weather disasters will rise to 375 million annually. In 2010, 300 million people fell victim to climate-related natural disasters and disasters - often in countries with few resources to absorb the consequences. According to FAO experts, by 2025, two-thirds of the currently available arable land will become unusable due to climate change. Oxfam predicts that by 2030, food prices will rise 50–90 percent more than they would already be due to climate change.

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